在英语中,that 引导的从句通常指代先行词(即前面提到的名词或代词),并用来提供额外信息或具体说明。它在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
一、that 引导的从句的常见用法
1. that 引导的主语从句(S+that+VP)
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用法:that 引导主语从句,相当于“that”本身。
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例句:
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I that he is a good teacher.(我that他是一位好老师。)
- 正确说法:I that he is a good teacher.(其实应为:I that he is a good teacher. 但实际使用中,that 引导的从句通常不单独使用,常与“that”连用,如:I that he is a good teacher.)
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The book that I read is very interesting.(我读的那本书非常有趣。)
- 正确说法:The book that I read is very interesting.(这个结构是正确的)
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2. that 引导的宾语从句(VP+that+S)
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用法:that 引导宾语从句,相当于“that”本身。
-
例句:
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I know that he is coming.(我知道他要来了。)
- 正确说法:I know that he is coming.(这个结构是正确的)
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She said that she would come.(她说她会来。)
- 正确说法:She said that she would come.
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3. that 引导的表语从句
- 用法:that 引导表语从句,表示“……的性质”或“……的特征”。
- 例句:
- The question that I asked is important.(我问的那个问题很重要。)
- 正确说法:The question that I asked is important.
- The question that I asked is important.(我问的那个问题很重要。)
4. that 引导的定语从句
- 用法:that 引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词。
- 例句:
- The book that I bought is interesting.(我买的那本书很有趣。)
- 正确说法:The book that I bought is interesting.
- The book that I bought is interesting.(我买的那本书很有趣。)
二、that 引导的从句与“that”连用的结构
在英语中,that 通常与“that”连用,形成 that + that 的结构,表示“that 的that”,但这种结构在现代英语中很少使用。
例句:
- The man that I met is my father.(我遇见的那个男人是我的父亲。)
- The book that I read is interesting.(我读的那本书很有趣。)
三、that 引导的从句的总结
| 从句类型 | 用法 | 例句 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主语从句 | 作主语 | I that he is a good teacher. | 正确说法:I that he is a good teacher. |
| 宾语从句 | 作宾语 | I know that he is coming. | 正确 |
| 表语从句 | 作表语 | The question that I asked is important. | 正确 |
| 定语从句 | 修饰名词 | The book that I bought is interesting. | 正确 |
四、that 引导的从句在语法中的地位
- that 在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
- 在that 引导的从句中,that 本身不充当句子成分,只是起到引导作用。
- 在that 引导的从句中,that 通常不被省略,除非在口语中。
五、常见错误
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that 引导的从句中不加“that”
- 例:I that he is a good teacher.(错误)
- 正确:I that he is a good teacher.(但实际使用中,that 引导的从句通常不单独使用,需与“that”连用)
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that 引导的从句中省略“that”
- 例:I that he is a good teacher.(错误)
- 正确:I that he is a good teacher.(但实际使用中,that 引导的从句通常不单独使用)
六、总结
| 从句类型 | 用法 | 例句 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主语从句 | 作主语 | I that he is a good teacher. | 正确 |
| 宾语从句 | 作宾语 | I know that he is coming. | 正确 |
| 表语从句 | 作表语 | The question that I asked is important. | 正确 |
| 定语从句 | 修饰名词 | The book that I bought is interesting. | 正确 |
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