The molecule CH₃Cl is chloromethane, a simple organic compound. Here's a breakdown of its properties and structure:
1. Molecular Formula:
- CH₃Cl (also written as CH₃Cl)
2. Structural Formula:
Cl
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CH₃- The carbon atom is bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom.
- The molecule is nonpolar because the polar C-Cl bond is symmetrically distributed.
3. Physical Properties:
- Melting Point: -95°C
- Boiling Point: -24°C
- Density: ~1.48 g/cm³
- Solubility: Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents like ether, ethanol, and chloroform.
4. Chemical Properties:
- Reactivity:
- It is a good leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reactions (e.g., SN1 or SN2).
- It can act as a haloalkane and undergo halogenation.
- Common reactions:
- Substitution reactions (e.g., with NaOH in aqueous solution to form methanol and NaCl).
- Addition reactions (e.g., with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst like Ni or Pd).
5. Uses:
- Industrial: Used in the production of plastics, solvents, and as a precursor in the synthesis of other organic compounds.
- Laboratory: Used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a solvent.
6. Toxicity:
- Chloromethane is non-toxic in small quantities, but it is toxic in high concentrations and can cause respiratory irritation.
- It is not classified as a carcinogen by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), but it is not considered safe for prolonged exposure.
7. IUPAC Name:
- Chloromethane
8. Related Compounds:
- Methanol (CH₃OH) – a common alcohol.
- Ethyl chloride (C₂H₅Cl) – another common chloroalkane.
- Dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) – a common reagent in organic chemistry.
Let me know if you'd like a reaction mechanism, structure diagram, or common synthesis of CH₃Cl!