在英语中,介词加关系代词的结构非常常见,用于引导定语从句(relative clause),修饰名词。这种结构通常由介词 + 关系代词组成,用来限定或说明名词的属性、来源、时间、地点、方式等。
一、基本结构
1. 介词 + 关系代词(如:which, that, who, whom, whose, when, where, why)
结构:
介词 + 关系代词 + 名词(或代词)
2. 例子:
-
In the book, which I read last week, there were many interesting stories.
(在那本书中,我上周读过的,有很多有趣的故事。) -
The man, who was standing there, is my father.
(站在那里的那个人是我的父亲。) -
The car, which I bought yesterday, is very old.
(我昨天买的那辆车非常老。)
二、常见介词和关系代词搭配
| 介词 | 关系代词 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| in | which | 表示“在……中” |
| on | which | 表示“在……上” |
| at | which | 表示“在……处” |
| of | which | 表示“属于……” |
| from | which | 表示“从……来” |
| to | which | 表示“到……去” |
| by | which | 表示“由……” |
| with | which | 表示“和……一起” |
| for | which | 表示“为……” |
| about | which | 表示“关于……” |
| over | which | 表示“在……上方” |
三、使用注意点
- 关系代词在从句中通常作 主语 或 宾语。
- 介词通常放在关系代词前面,关系代词在从句中作 主语 或 宾语。
- 某些介词(如 by, in, on, at, of, to, from, with, for, about, over)在某些情况下可以省略,但通常需要保留。
四、例句练习
-
The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。) -
The man, who was standing there, is my father.
(站在那里的那个人是我的父亲。) -
The car, which I bought last year, is very old.
(我去年买的那辆车非常老。) -
The house, where I lived last year, is now for sale.
(我去年住过的那栋房子现在要出售了。) -
The girl, whose parents are doctors, is very kind.
(父母是医生的那个女孩非常善良。)
五、总结
| 介词 | 关系代词 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| in | which | 表示“在……中” |
| on | which | 表示“在……上” |
| at | which | 表示“在……处” |
| of | which | 表示“属于……” |
| from | which | 表示“从……来” |
| to | which | 表示“到……去” |
| by | which | 表示“由……” |
| with | which | 表示“和……一起” |
| for | which | 表示“为……” |
| about | which | 表示“关于……” |
| over | which | 表示“在……上方” |
如果你需要更详细的讲解或例句分析,欢迎继续提问!